Augustus

Suetonius records that he was born on the ninth day before the Kalends of October in the consulship of Cicero and Antonius, which is 23 September 63 BC (Suetonius, Augustus 5). He took the name Gaius Caesar under the will of his great-uncle Julius Caesar, and the name Augustus by vote of the senate (Suetonius, Augustus 7.2). In his own account of his career he says that in his sixth and seventh consulships he returned the state to the senate and people and was named Augustus for it (Augustus, Res Gestae 34). See Augustus Becomes Rome’s First Emperor.

As Octavian he and Mark Antony backed Herod the Great before the senate, which made Herod king (Josephus, Antiquities 14.381–385). Luke names him as the Caesar whose decree of enrolment brought Joseph and Mary to Bethlehem (Luke 2:1–5). He died on the fourteenth day before the Kalends of September in the consulship of Sextus Pompeius and Sextus Appuleius, which is 19 August AD 14, thirty-five days before his seventy-sixth birthday (Suetonius, Augustus 100.1).