Gregory of Nyssa

Bishop of Nyssa in Cappadocia and theologian

Younger brother of Basil of Caesarea and of Macrina, bishop of the small Cappadocian town of Nyssa. He defended the doctrine of the Trinity against the charge of teaching three gods, and an imperial law of 381 named him as a standard of orthodox communion.

Gregory was a younger brother of Basil of Caesarea and Macrina. He says in his memoir of his sister that for a long time he could not visit her because the leaders of the opposing party kept driving him out of his own country (Gregory of Nyssa, Life of Macrina p. 41 (PG 46.976)). In the short work On Not Three Gods he argues that Father, Son and Spirit are one God because their action is one, the persons being distinguished only as cause and caused (Gregory of Nyssa, On Not Three Gods).

The law of 381 by which Theodosius handed the churches to the Nicene bishops names him, with the bishops of Caesarea and Melitene, as one of those with whom bishops of the region of Pontus must be in communion (Theodosian Code 16.1.3), and Socrates records the same arrangement among the decisions of the council of Constantinople in that year (Socrates, Church History 5.8). Jerome heard him read from his work against Eunomius and says that he was still writing in 392–393 (Jerome, On Illustrious Men 128). See the Cappadocians and the Doctrine of the Trinity.

In the timeline

  1. about AD 370 to AD 381, estimated date
    The Cappadocians and the Doctrine of the Trinity

    Basil of Caesarea, his friend Gregory of Nazianzus and his brother Gregory of Nyssa speak of one divine essence in three persons and defend the deity of the Holy Spirit. The creed of 381 uses kindred language. Basil and his sister Macrina foster monastic life.

Primary sources

Life of Macrina

Gregory of Nyssa · c. AD 380–383 · Greek

On Not Three Gods, to Ablabius

Gregory of Nyssa · Last quarter of the fourth century · Greek

The Theodosian Code

Compiled by order of Theodosius II · Compiled AD 429–438 · Latin

Church History

Socrates of Constantinople · c. AD 439–443 · Greek

On Illustrious Men

Jerome · AD 392–393 · Latin

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