Hilary of Poitiers
Bishop of Poitiers in Gaul, banished to Phrygia for opposing the party that rejected Nicaea. From exile he explained the eastern creeds to the western bishops, attended the council of Seleucia in 359, and after his return had the decisions of Ariminum condemned in Gaul.
Jerome records that Hilary, bishop of Poitiers in Aquitania, was banished to Phrygia by a synod at Béziers, that he wrote twelve books against the Arians and a book On Councils for the bishops of Gaul, and that he died at Poitiers in the reign of Valentinian and Valens (Jerome, On Illustrious Men 100). Hilary himself blames his exile on Saturninus, who, he says, had misled the emperor (Hilary, On the Councils 2). He wrote On Councils when he heard that synods were to meet, so that the western bishops should know what their eastern colleagues had decided (Hilary, On the Councils 8). In it he says that although he had long been baptised and had been a bishop for some time, he had never heard the Nicene creed until he was going into exile (Hilary, On the Councils 91).
Sulpicius Severus says that in the fourth year of his exile Hilary was brought with the eastern bishops to Seleucia and received into communion there (Sulpicius Severus, Chronicle 2.42). He followed the delegates to Constantinople, petitioned Constantius II three times in writing for a hearing against his opponents, and was sent back to Gaul as a troubler of the East. There, in councils of the Gallic bishops, he had the decisions of Ariminum condemned; he died in the sixth year after his return (Sulpicius Severus, Chronicle 2.45). See the Councils of Rimini and Seleucia.
In the timeline
- AD 359 to AD 360, firm dateThe Councils of Rimini and Seleucia
The emperor Constantius II summons the western bishops to Rimini and the eastern to Seleucia. Under imperial pressure the delegates of both accept a creed that calls the Son like the Father and forbids the Nicene language of substance.
Primary sources
On Illustrious Men
- Jerome, On Illustrious Men 100newadvent.org
On the Councils (De Synodis)
- Hilary, On the Councils 2newadvent.org
- Hilary, On the Councils 8newadvent.org
- Hilary, On the Councils 91newadvent.org
Chronicle (Sacred History)
- Sulpicius Severus, Chronicle 2.42newadvent.org
- Sulpicius Severus, Chronicle 2.45newadvent.org