Innocent X
Pope at the end of the Thirty Years’ War. In the brief Zelo domus Dei of 26 November 1648 he declared void every article of the Peace of Westphalia that harmed the Catholic religion or the rights of the church.
His brief against the peace is dated 26 November 1648, in the fifth year of his pontificate; in it he says that his nuncio had already protested publicly against the treaties, lists the concessions made to the Protestants, and declares all articles prejudicial to the Catholic religion, the Apostolic See and the churches null and void for ever (Innocent X, Zelo domus Dei whole text). The treaty of Osnabrück had provided that no protest by anyone, clerical or lay, inside or outside the Empire, should have any force against it (Treaty of Osnabrück art. 5, §1; art. 17, §3). See the Thirty Years’ War and the Peace of Westphalia.
In the timeline
- 1618 to 1648, firm dateThe Thirty Years’ War and the Peace of Westphalia
A revolt of Bohemian Protestants in 1618 grows into a war that draws in all Germany and its neighbours. The treaties of Osnabrück and Münster in 1648 fix the rights of Catholics, Lutherans and Reformed in the Empire by the year 1624; the pope declares those articles void.
- 1653 to 1713, firm dateJansenism and the Bull Unigenitus
In 1653 Rome condemns five propositions on grace. The defenders of Cornelius Jansen condemn them too but deny that they are in his book; Rome defines that they are, and in 1713 the bull Unigenitus condemns 101 propositions from Quesnel’s New Testament.
Primary sources
Zelo domus Dei
- Innocent X, Zelo domus Dei whole textla.wikisource.org