Isabella I of Castile
Queen of Castile and wife of Ferdinand of Aragon. With him she obtained the bull of 1478 for inquisitors of their own choosing, commissioned two Dominicans as inquisitors in 1480 and signed the edict of 1492 that expelled the Jews. She died at Medina del Campo in November 1504.
Andrés Bernáldez, a priest of her own time, calls her the daughter of King Juan II of Castile and records her marriage at Valladolid in 1469 to Ferdinand II of Aragon, when she was princess of Castile and León and he king of Sicily and prince of Aragon (Bernáldez, History of the Catholic Monarchs, ch. 9 (vol. 1, pp. 30–31)).
The bull of 1 November 1478 answers a petition made in the names of both and is addressed to them as king and queen of Castile and León (Sixtus IV, Exigit sincerae devotionis, Fita, pp. 449–452). The commission of 27 September 1480 that named two Dominicans as inquisitors runs in both names and is signed “I the King, I the Queen” (Sixtus IV, Exigit sincerae devotionis, royal commission of 27 September 1480 (Fita, pp. 448–453)). When Sixtus IV wrote in January 1482 of the complaints from Seville, he wrote to both (Sixtus IV, Letters of 1482, brief of 29 January 1482 (Fita, pp. 459–461)). The Seville Instructions of 1484 call Tomás de Torquemada the confessor of the king and queen and inquisitor general in their name (Instructions of Seville (1484), preamble (fol. 2r)). The edict of 31 March 1492, which ordered the Jews to leave, carries both signatures again (Edict of Expulsion (1492), Amador de los Ríos, vol. 3, pp. 603–607).
Bernáldez writes that she died at Medina del Campo in November 1504 and was carried to Granada for burial. Among her merits he counts that through her the heresy of the judaizers, as he calls it, was burned and destroyed (Bernáldez, History of the Catholic Monarchs, ch. 201 (vol. 2, pp. 266–267)). See the Spanish Inquisition and the Expulsion of the Jews.
In the timeline
- 1478 to 1492, firm dateThe Spanish Inquisition and the Expulsion of the Jews
In 1478 Sixtus IV lets Ferdinand and Isabella appoint inquisitors against baptised Jews said to keep Jewish rites. Burnings begin at Seville in 1481; in 1482 the pope writes of complaints against the inquisitors. In 1492 the monarchs order all Jews to leave their kingdoms.
Primary sources
Exigit sincerae devotionis (bull allowing Ferdinand and Isabella to appoint inquisitors)
- Sixtus IV, Exigit sincerae devotionis, Fita, pp. 449–452cervantesvirtual.com
- Sixtus IV, Exigit sincerae devotionis, royal commission of 27 September 1480 (Fita, pp. 448–453)cervantesvirtual.com
Letters of 1482 on the Inquisition in Castile and Aragon
- Sixtus IV, Letters of 1482, brief of 29 January 1482 (Fita, pp. 459–461)cervantesvirtual.com