Pompey

Gnaeus Pompeius commanded Rome’s war against Mithridates of Pontus, and when it was won he turned south into Syria and Palestine (Cassius Dio, Roman History 37.14–15). Tacitus calls him the first Roman to subdue the Jews and to set foot in their temple by right of conquest (Tacitus, Histories 5.9). Josephus says that he entered the sanctuary, left its treasures untouched, restored the high priesthood to Hyrcanus II and made Jerusalem tributary (Josephus, Antiquities 14.71–74); Cicero, at Rome four years later, also says that he took nothing from the temple (Cicero, Pro Flacco 67). See Pompey Takes Jerusalem.

After losing the civil war against Julius Caesar he fled to Egypt and was killed in a small boat as he came ashore, in his fifty-eighth year according to Cassius Dio (Cassius Dio, Roman History 42.3–5). That was in 48 BC. A Jewish psalm of the time, which does not name him, tells of the conqueror of Jerusalem slain in Egypt, his body tossed on the waves with no one to bury it (Psalms of Solomon 2).