Reginald Pole
Cardinal sent by Pope Julius III as legate to Mary I. He absolved the realm of schism in November 1554, succeeded Thomas Cranmer as archbishop of Canterbury, and died within days of the queen in November 1558.
Pole came to England as legate of Pope Julius III, sent, in the words of Mary’s Parliament, “to call us home again into the right way” (Second Act of Repeal, 1554, in Gee and Hardy, pp. 385–387). At the end of November 1554 the Lords and Commons presented their petition to be reconciled, and Pole pronounced the absolution of the realm from heresy and schism; John Foxe, no friend of his, prints the words (Foxe, Acts and Monuments vol. 6, pp. 568–572).
He was consecrated archbishop of Canterbury at Greenwich on 22 March 1556, the day after Thomas Cranmer was burned (Machyn, Diary 22 March 1556), and held the see through the rest of the burnings described in the Burning of Protestants under Mary I. He died at Lambeth in November 1558. The diarist Henry Machyn puts his death on 19 November, two days after that of Mary I of England (Machyn, Diary 19 November 1558); Foxe says he died the day after the queen (Foxe, Acts and Monuments vol. 8, p. 636).
In the timeline
- 1555 to 1558, firm dateThe Burning of Protestants under Mary I
Under Mary I, Parliament returns England to obedience to Rome and revives the medieval heresy laws. From 1555 to 1558 Protestants who will not recant are burned, among them the bishops Latimer, Ridley and Cranmer. John Foxe’s book records them as martyrs.
Primary sources
Acts and Monuments
- Foxe, Acts and Monuments vol. 6, pp. 568–572archive.org
- Foxe, Acts and Monuments vol. 8, p. 636archive.org
The Diary of Henry Machyn
- Machyn, Diary 22 March 1556british-history.ac.uk
- Machyn, Diary 19 November 1558british-history.ac.uk